The arthrosis of the joints is a complex dystrophic disease associated with the destruction of cartilage tissues within the joints.This pathological process is the most common joint disease all over the world.Arthosis manifests itself from pain, morning rigidity and limitation of mobility.The gradual progression of the symptoms is characteristic, however, the development rate of the disease can be different.
The diagnosis is made on the basis of an anamnesis, clinical examination and radiographic results.The treatment of osteoarthritis is generally conservative: exercise therapy, anti -inflammatory drugs, physicalation, block, etc.
We will consider more in detail what this disease is and how to treat it, we will further consider in the article.
What is arthrosis?
Arthosis are degenerative changes in the structure of the joints, which are accompanied by visible pain and deformation.The second name of the disease, which is used in the international classification - osteoarthritis.
The disease is characterized by a slow progression, although it can be accelerated by some external factors.It all depends on the individual characteristics of the body, human disease and its method of vital activity.
According to statistics, arthrosis is sick with 6.5-12% of the population of the globe.Mainly people over the age of 65 (62-85% of cases) suffer.There is a tendency to "rejuvenate" pathology: in several countries about 30-35% of patients are people aged between 45 and 65 and 2-3% in the years 20-45 years.
People who have little familiar with medicine think that arthritis and arthrosis are the same.In reality, it is not so, because in the first case the disorder is acute inflammatory and in the second - a long, less pronounced chronic.
Types
The formulation of the diagnosis of arthrosis can be different, although the essence of the disease is the same.Very often, the questions and the misunderstanding of patients are related to different terms of arthrosis:
- Artrosartrosis is a classic osteoarthritis, in which an inflammatory process is pronounced;
- Osteoartrosis is absolutely the same as arthrosis;
- Deforming (osteoarthritis) - the late phases of the disease, which are manifested by deformation and closure of the joint;
- Coksartrosis - a abbreviated term indicating the injury of the hip joint;
- Gonartrosis is an abbreviated term which means "arthrosis of the knee joint";
- Spondilartosis is the injury of the arthrosis of the small joints of Arcen of the spine.
There are many varieties of this disease.The classification can occur on the basis of the location of the areas concerned and depending on the causes of the disease.
Types of arthrosis depending on the location:
- Knee
- Hip joints
- Cervical
- Brachial
- Hands and fingers
- Vertebral column
- Ankle
- Primary Poliosteoartrosis
Depending on the number of joints involved, the following varieties are distinguished:
- Monoartrosis.
- OLIGARTROSIS - More than 2 joints are not interested.
- Poliartrosi - involved by 3 joint groups.
The degree of damage to the joint
| Degree of arthrosis | Symptoms |
| 1 degree | The first arthritic stage: there are no pronounced morphological changes, only the composition of the synovial fluid is disturbed.The worst liquid supply to the cartilage tissue with nutrients, the resistance of the cartilage to conventional loads decreases.Due to the overload of the joint surfaces, inflammation occurs, pain appears. |
| 2 degrees | The joint is destroyed.Osteophytes are formed.The pain during loads and the movement becomes stronger, a characteristic crunch is felt in the places concerned. |
| 3 degrees | This is the most serious phase of the development of this disease.There is a pathological change in the sits of painful joints.Inflammation occurs.The patient feels rigidity when he moves, as the muscles cannot contract and fully perform their functions. |
Reasons
The formation of arthrosis is facilitated by two causes: the load and the absence of a complete nutrition that provides vitamins, minerals for the restoration of the tissues.The joints of each person bring a load.The athletes and dancers, with physical work, the upstream load is greater, which means that the bone joints are consumed faster and require a high quality diet.With a calm lifestyle, the support system consumes more slowly, but also requires a periodic renewal of the fabrics.
Primary arthrosis
This type is often associated with innate inferiority and tendency of cartilage to damage and destruction due to metabolic disorders.The most common causes that cause this disease:
- hereditary and genetic;
- menopause;
- Frequent and, at first sight, minor injuries (for example, among athletes).
Secondary arthrosis
The secondary type is often deforming arthrosis and advances against the background of a decrease in cartilage stability as usual.The development of this pathology is facilitated by:
- injuries;
- obesity;
- weakness of ligaments and muscles;
- arthritis.
With age, the predisposition to the disease increases.After 70 years, arthrosis is diagnosed every second pensioner.Since the maximum load falls on the feet (a person moves: walks, stands, races, jumps), so it is here that the first signs are formed.
Signs and symptoms of arthrosis
Arthosis belongs to the category of chronic diseases.Sometimes the disease can imperceptibly lose for years, only occasionally remembering pain in the articulation on the joint or embarrassing movement.But it also happens that the disease develops rapidly in a serious phase in a few months.
In any case, it is important to remember, if it is not the disease, its symptoms will increase over time, worsening the quality of life and in serious cases, leading to disability and immobilization.
Symptoms with arthrosis of the joints:
- Pain.The painful sensations with arthrosis are pronounced, especially after various types of loads.When a person arrives in a state of peace, after a while, uncomfortable sensations disappear.The location of pain occurs directly in the place where changes have occurred in the usual body structures.In some cases, pain in arthrosis can occur when a person rests, being completely relaxed.They seem very sharply and strongly, which can be compared with dental pain.Very often this happens in the morning.
- The second sign of arthrosis is a creak, but you should not confuse this symptom with the usual clicge of the joints, which is found in almost all people, and does not lead uncomfortable.A crew in the disease is characterized by a gross and dry sound, brings pain and severe discomfort.With the development of the disease, the symptom is becoming more distinct and painful.
- Reduce the mobility of the joint.It is also considered one of the characteristic symptoms of arthrosis, but already appears in the phase of the active progression of the disease.During the development of arthrosis, the growth/germination of bone neoplasms occurs, which leads to muscle tissue spasms, reducing the light in the joint bag - the restriction of the movement in this place is guaranteed.
- Joint deformation.Its change is determined by the fact that osteophytes grow on the surface of the bones and the synovial fluid arrives.Although the deformation is one of the last symptoms, when arthrosis has affected the articulation to a large extent.
- Changes in muscle tone.Initially, especially with severe pain, the periarticular muscles are reflectively thesis.In the future, as motor activity is lost, the atrophy of the muscles.
- Skin manifestations.An optional sign.In the initial stages it is possible to blush the skin in the projection of the joint.In the future, as the arthrosis and atrophy of the muscles advance, the skin becomes pale, becomes dry, pigmented.
| Joints that arthrosis affects more often: | Less commonly suffered: |
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Complications
If arthrosis does not provide adequate attention, over time and not to treat correctly, this can lead not only to the complete destruction of the sick articulation, but also to a change in the biomechanics of the spine, which makes its hernias in the intervertebral discs and the development of arthrosis in others, so far the healthy joints begin.
The danger of a premature treatment of any type of arthrosis lies in the complications related to it, adverse consequences:
- The inflamed joints are deformed and gradually destroyed;
- Movements become bound, joint mobility is partially or completely limited;
- The spine is disturbed;
- Ernie Interdiscount are formed;
- Nevralgia develops;
- The standard of life of the patient with arthrosis is reduced;
- The person becomes disabled.
Diagnostics
First of all, they try to see structural changes in the areas concerned, to evaluate their gravity and prevalence.In addition, metabolic disorders in the body should be determined, which have become a favorable background for the occurrence of arthrosis.Therefore, the set of polls consists of the following events:
- X -ray.
- Magnetic resonance imaging tomography.
- Ultrasound study.
- Arthroscopy.
- Biochemical blood test (hormonal spectrum, inflammation markers, calcium metabolism, reumen).
Taking into account the radiological characteristics, experts in the field of orthopedics and traumology distinguish the following stages of arthrosis (classification of Kellgren-Lawrence)
- Phase 1 (Dura Caratrosis) - Suspicion of narrowing the joint gap, osteophytes are absent or available in a small amount.
- Stage 2 (soft) - The suspicion of narrowing the joint gap, osteophytes are clearly defined.
- Phase 3 (moderate) - A clear narrowing of the joint gap, clearly expressed osteophytes are possible, bone deformations are possible.
- Phase 4 (severe arthrosis) - a pronounced narrowing of the joint gap, large osteophytes, pronounced bone deformations and osteosclerosis.
Note: The course of the disease in question is very slow and in the first phase it may not be characterized by any symptoms and inconsistent joint pain and greater fatigue can also be related to healthy people with great physical effort.Therefore, arthrosis independent diagnosis is almost impossible.
How to treat arthrosis of the joints
Principles of arthrosis treatment:
- eliminate excessive loads on the joints;
- Therapy with anti -inflammatory and analgesic pills.In addition, in complex therapy, chondroprotectors are actively used for arthrosis;
- physical education of physiotherapy;
- sanatorium treatment;
- magnetotherapy, electrotherapy, laser therapy, shock wave therapy;
- intra -articular oxygen therapy;
- Intraxual block;
- It is important to choose adequate diet for arthrosis.
Methods of drugs
How to treat arthrosis with drugs?This problem is the most common of patients.The treatment is carried out using three groups of drugs:
- Condroprotectors.The drugs of this group restore the cartilage IALINA, as they contain the components that are part of it.They are recommended by all patients in the form of a long-term document (courses 3-4 months 2 times a year).Use tablets and capsules.
- Hormonal corticosteroids.This group of drugs is more effective during the exacerbation period of osteoarthritis.Very often intramuscular injections are made.But a similar category of drugs in pharmacies is also represented in the form of patches, ointments: they are used only externally, you can expect a fairly quick and powerful effect.
- The use of non -short anti -inflammatory drugs in order to reduce pain and eliminate the inflammatory process.
- Injections.Injection drugs quickly stop pain, reduce active symptoms.Intamuscular, intravenous or intra -articular administration of medicine should only be carried out by a medical worker.These funds are unable to save the patient from the cause of the development of the disease, but effectively reduce its negative manifestations.
Drugs are used from other medicines for the treatment of arthrosis:
- improve blood in the joints;
- Improve the supply of joint tissues of oxygen - "B" vitamins;
- act on the metabolism in the cartilage;
- desensitizing agents that reduce the reactivity of the body;
- Synthetic hormones of the adrenal glands.
Surgical treatment
Surgical methods imply two ways to solve the problem:
- Artroscopy is an operation performed on a painful joint.Through the drilling, a special needle is introduced, which removes the damaged areas and polished the affected area.
- The prostheses are a complex operation, which consists in removing damaged joints and incorporating a new one.The modern orthopedics has passed far ahead, releasing new improved prostheses that are extremely rejected by the body and their wearing does not cause discomfort.
Physical exercise therapy for arthrosis
Medical physical education is used for arthrosis in the subacuta phase.The main tasks of exercise therapy:
- orthopedic correction (elimination of defects of the arts concerned);
- decrease in the static load on the joints;
- Improve the mobility of the joint or the prevention of its deterioration.
Digoen gymnastic and a series of exercises for muscles and alarm joints are performed.The exercises for the affected joints are performed in a liar position, on the side or on the back, sitting.They are alternating with breathing exercises that help relax the muscles.The patient performs movements in the articulation affected independently or with the help of an instructor.
During the lessons, the aspect of pain should not be allowed.The exercises are performed at a slow pace and only after eliminating the acute symptoms.Sudden and high amplitude movements should be avoided, which can cause unpleasant sensations.
Physical education must be engaged in supervising a doctor and, after acquiring the necessary skills, it is possible to start the exercises at home.
Physiotherapy and manual therapy
The use of these treatment methods provides excellent results in the initial stages of arthrosis.
- Manual treatment should only be carried out by an expert doctor who has proven to be in the treatment of joint pathologies.For example, in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint, manual therapy together with the action of the limb, intra -articular injections and the intake of chondroprotectors can quickly put the patient standing.
- Physiotherapy is used as auxiliary treatment to accelerate the rehabilitation period.Their main objective is to reduce inflammation and accelerate tissue regeneration.Procedures such as: laser and cryotherapy, thermal treatment: ozorete, mud baths, paraffin therapy and uof are widely used.
Food and diet
The diet with arthrosis of the joints aims to correct metabolic processes, body weight, the prevention of irreversible changes in the cartilage IALINA of the joints, a decrease in the inflammatory process and strengthen the joint structures of the connective tissue.There is no special diet with the arthrosis of the joints.The following principles are based on therapeutic nutrition:
- Food should be physiologically full and balanced with a high content of vitamins and minerals.The energy value of the diet for patients with normal weight should correspond to the average value of daily energy consumption and not exceed it.
- The use of salt is limited to 5-8 g/day, as well as salty products (salty, canned food, chips, salty fish).
- The use of the free fluid should be increased to 2-2.5 l/day.
- It is necessary to exclude the processing of products using frying.The food must be cooked, steam cooked, cook or stewed.
- It is necessary to move to a frequent and fractional diet.
- Food should be taken in small portions, which will exclude excess food and weight gain.
With arthrosis, the use of a hard extreme diet is prohibited.Since in this type of diet the body expels a large amount of liquid, which, in turn, washed calcium and potassium from the bones and joints.
Useful products:
- Fish and seafood, walnuts, linen oil, as a source of Omega - 3.
- Lowly fat and jelly meat.
- Products rich in vitamin E, D, C, A and Groups B. These are fresh fruit, vegetables and berries.It is particularly useful to use: beets, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage, blueberries, legumes, bananas, oranges, apples and wholemeal bread.
- Ginger and other spices.
- Milk and dairy products -caseari are an excellent source of calcium.
- Useful juices just crushed.
Prohibited products:
- Fast food, products for sausages, semifinated products, chips and all refined products.
- Fatty meat.
- Sdoba, white bread, sugar.
- Lactiero products -fatty -old fat, savory cheeses.
- Mayonnaise, transgenic fats.
- White rice, semolina.
- Marinate, conservation, salt.
- Alcohol, energy, soda.
Folk treatment methods
Before using any popular remedy for arthrosis, be sure to consult your doctor.
- Crush the berries of nettle and juniper in a homogeneous mass.Connect with butter 1: 3. To relieve pain, rub the aching joints up to 3 times a day.
- The roots, flowers or branches of a sambuco black.Pour 1 tablespoon.spoonful of raw materials with 1 glass of boiling water.Insist, wrap, 3 hours, then filter.Drink 1/4 cup up to 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
- Boil 10 g of bay leaf in 250 ml of water for five minutes.Leave for five hours.Drink from time to time in small sips all day.Three days we are treating, we rest for five, so we are treated for three days.
- Mustard compressed with honey.Mix the mustard powder with honey and add an egg.Put the resulting ointment on the gauze and apply to the sore point.
- Complex compressed.Cut the cabbage cut slightly into pieces and passes through the juicer.Moisten the natural wool fabric in the juice and attach to the sore point.
- A series is another excellent remedy for the treatment of arthrosis.Boil 2 large tablespoons of a series in 250 ml of boiling water.After 20 minutes, the decoction is ready.Take 2 tablespoons three times a day before meals.The course is 30 days.
- The ointment of chamomile, calendula and burdock faces pain well, relieves inflammation.For its preparation, it is necessary to mix in equal quantities of chamomile flowers, calendula, joke root, connect the herbs with oil jelly and leave for 1-2 days.Use ointment for severe pain up to 5 times a day.
- In boiling water, put the equal parts of Salice's bark, birch and calendula flowers.Boil the mixture for 10 minutes, then let it prepare under the lid of the same quantity.You have to take a cold decoction 200 ml half an hour before meals.
Prevention
In a decrease in the risk of arthrosis, the following moments play an important role:
- get rid of extra kilos;
- treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies;
- active movement throughout life;
- adequate nutrition (diet, balanced diet);
- Avoid joint hypothermia;
- A healthy lifestyle with the right regime.